countyscore
37.1
County Score
Disaster Risk 79.6Health 65.5Water Quality 57.7

County Report Card

About Clay County, South Dakota

Significant Livability Gaps

Clay County struggles with a composite score of 37.1, landing well below the national median of 50.0. This suggests the county faces more systemic challenges than the average U.S. community.

Below the South Dakota Curve

The county’s score of 37.1 is far lower than the state average of 55.9. It ranks among the more challenging counties in South Dakota for overall quality of life and economic balance.

Healthy Living and Low Risk

Despite overall scores, the county maintains a solid risk score of 79.6 and a decent health score of 65.5. These figures suggest a community that is physically healthy and well-protected from natural disasters.

Struggles in Safety and Schools

Public safety is a major concern with a score of 24.4, while schools rank even lower at 12.3. Economic factors also weigh heavily, with a low income score of 34.8 and an effective tax rate of 1.298%.

A Community in Transition

Clay County may suit individuals who can navigate local safety challenges to take advantage of the healthy environment and low environmental risk. It is currently less ideal for families who depend on local public schools and high-paying local jobs.

Score breakdown

Tax20.9Cost47.7Safety24.4Health65.5Schools12.3Income34.8Risk79.6Water57.7Weather42.2
🏛20.9
Property Tax
Effective property tax rate vs national benchmarks
TaxByCounty →
🏠47.7
Cost of Living
Median rent, home values, and housing affordability
CostByCounty →
💼34.8
Income & Jobs
Median household income and per capita earnings
IncomeByCounty →
🛡24.4
Safety
Violent and property crime rates per 100K residents
CrimeByCounty →
❤65.5
Health
Life expectancy, uninsured rates, and health access
HealthByCounty →
🎓12.3
Schools
Graduation rates, per-pupil spending, and attainment
SchoolsByCounty →
⚡79.6
Disaster Risk
FEMA National Risk Index — flood, fire, tornado, and more
RiskByCounty →
💧57.7
Water Quality
EPA drinking water health violations and safety grades
WaterByCounty →
🌤42.2
Weather & Climate
Average temperatures, precipitation, and extreme weather events
WeatherByCounty →
🪨56.2
Soil Quality
Soil composition, pH, drainage, and organic matter content
SoilByCounty →
🌱49.2
Lawn Care
Lawn difficulty score based on climate, soil, and grass suitability
LawnByCounty →
🛒
Farmers Markets
Local market density, SNAP/EBT acceptance, and product variety
MarketsByCounty →
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Deep Dives

Clay County across the ByCounty Network

Detailed analysis from 10 data dimensions — each powered by a dedicated ByCounty site.

Property Tax in Clay County

via TaxByCounty

Clay County taxes comparable to nation

Clay County's effective tax rate of 1.298% generates a median property tax of $2,879, nearly matching the national median of $2,690. This places Clay County in the higher-tax bracket nationally, though rates remain reasonable by nationwide standards.

Clay ranks highest in South Dakota

Clay County's 1.298% effective rate significantly exceeds South Dakota's state average of 1.094%, making it the highest-taxed county in the state. At $2,879 median property tax, Clay exceeds the state median of $1,785 by 61%, reflecting higher home values and school funding needs.

Highest taxes among regional peers

Clay's 1.298% rate towers above Butte's 1.058%, Charles Mix's 1.077%, Clark's 0.981%, and Corson's 1.337%, making it the priciest in the immediate area. Only Campbell's 1.440% exceeds Clay in effective rate, though Clay's higher home values drive steeper actual tax bills.

Clay County taxes run $2,879 median

With a median home value of $221,800 and a 1.298% effective rate, Clay homeowners pay approximately $2,879 in annual property taxes. Costs can peak at $2,855 with mortgage assessments or drop to $2,957 for owners outright—among the state's highest bills.

Appeal now to reduce your bill

Clay County homeowners facing high tax bills should investigate whether their properties are overassessed and file appeals to recover potential thousands. The county assessor accepts reassessment requests from homeowners who can demonstrate their valuations exceed comparable market sales.

Full property tax analysis on TaxByCounty

Cost of Living in Clay County

via CostByCounty

Clay renters feel national affordability squeeze

Clay County renters spend 15% of household income on rent—above the national comfort zone of 12-14%—while median income of $58,794 sits $16,000 below the national median. The combination of lower income and higher-than-average rent creates meaningful affordability pressure for Clay County renters.

Tightest rents in South Dakota

Clay County's 15% rent-to-income ratio ranks among the state's worst affordability metrics, exceeding the South Dakota average of 13.8% by more than a percentage point. At $736 monthly, rents are $20 below state average but hit harder on a lower-than-average income base.

Expensive rents, costly homes

Clay County's $736 rent exceeds neighboring Campbell ($635) and Charles Mix ($727), while its $1,230 monthly homeowner cost significantly outpaces all peer counties. The median home value of $221,800 ranks among the region's highest, competing with Butte ($207,700) and Codington ($218,000) for premium pricing.

Housing crisis for modest earners

Renters dedicate $736 monthly while homeowners shoulder $1,230—a dramatic gap—against a $58,794 median income, the lowest in this profile. Housing consumes 15% of renter income and over 25% for homeowners, far exceeding healthy affordability thresholds.

Clay County: affordability warning

Clay County presents real affordability challenges, especially for renters and homebuyers, with the state's tightest rent-to-income ratio and expensive homes. If relocating here, ensure your income substantially exceeds the county median of $58,794 to maintain comfortable housing margins.

Full cost of living analysis on CostByCounty

Income & Jobs in Clay County

via IncomeByCounty

Clay County income significantly below national

Clay County's median household income of $58,794 lags the U.S. median of $74,755 by $15,961, a substantial 21.4% deficit that positions Clay among the nation's lower-income counties. The per capita income of $29,412 further underscores limited individual earning potential across the population. Despite these income challenges, Clay's home values suggest investors and long-term residents continue investing in the community.

Clay ranks lowest among South Dakota peers

At $58,794, Clay County's median household income falls $8,132 below South Dakota's state average of $66,926, placing it in the lowest quartile statewide. Its per capita income of $29,412 also significantly underperforms the state average of $35,667, indicating sparse high-wage employment. Clay's economic position reflects agriculture-based economy with limited diversification into higher-paying sectors.

Clay faces steepest income challenges

Clay County's $58,794 median household income ranks lowest among its surveyed neighbors, trailing even Clark ($62,885), Charles Mix ($64,850), and Campbell ($65,000). With per capita income of $29,412, Clay also underperforms all regional peers, suggesting acute workforce challenges or wage stagnation. Geographic proximity to larger economic centers may offer residents expansion opportunities beyond the county.

Housing strains limited household budgets

Clay County's rent-to-income ratio of 15.0% sits exactly at the affordability threshold, indicating housing costs consume substantial household income for median earners. With median home values of $221,800—the highest among its peers relative to income—prospective homebuyers face real affordability challenges. Renters enjoy more flexibility, though overall tight budgets leave limited margin for savings or emergencies.

Build resilience before investing

Clay County households should prioritize building emergency reserves and reducing debt before pursuing investment strategies, given tight household budgets and limited income growth. Focus on free or low-cost wealth-building tools like employer matches on 401(k)s or savings accounts that earn competitive interest. Consider consulting community development financial institutions or nonprofit advisors who understand rural income challenges and provide accessible guidance.

Full income & jobs analysis on IncomeByCounty

Safety in Clay County

via CrimeByCounty

Clay County Safety Below National Average

Clay County has a safety score of 97.0, and its total crime rate is 1,879.2 per 100,000 residents. While this rate is higher than many neighbors, it remains safer than the national total crime rate of 2,385.5.

A Higher Crime Rate Than State Norms

Clay County's total crime rate of 1,879.2 is more than double the South Dakota average of 788.1. Its safety score of 97.0 also falls below the state average of 98.8.

Higher Activity Levels in the Region

Compared to nearby rural counties, Clay County experiences more frequent crime reports through its three reporting agencies. This is often typical of counties with larger population centers or universities.

Property Crime Dominates the Statistics

Property crime is the primary issue here, with a rate of 1,718.7 per 100,000 residents. Violent crime is lower at 160.5, though this still exceeds the South Dakota state average of 131.6.

Focus on Home and Property Security

Because property crime is elevated, residents should prioritize securing valuables and installing home security systems. Using smart locks and cameras can help reduce the high frequency of local theft and vandalism.

Full safety analysis on CrimeByCounty

Health in Clay County

via HealthByCounty

Clay County exceeds national life expectancy

At 77.2 years, Clay County residents live 0.4 years longer than the U.S. average of 76.8 years. The county's 15.5% poor or fair health rate slightly exceeds the national average, suggesting room for improvement despite above-average longevity.

Above-average health for the state

Clay County's 77.2-year life expectancy outpaces South Dakota's 75.4-year average by 1.8 years. Its 10.1% uninsured rate tracks nearly with the state average of 11.1%, indicating solid coverage levels.

Mid-tier health outcomes regionally

Clay County's 77.2-year life expectancy falls between Charles Mix (71.4) and Custer County (81.5), placing it solidly in the middle of this peer group. At 10.1% uninsured, it ranks among the better-covered counties, though still trailing Clark County's 9.4%.

Good provider access, reasonable coverage

Clay County offers strong primary care capacity at 46 per 100K and excellent mental health access at 117 per 100K. The 10.1% uninsured rate is reasonable, though 1% of residents still lack essential coverage.

Close the remaining coverage gap

While most Clay County residents have insurance, nearly 1 in 10 remain uninsured. If you're among them, explore Medicaid, marketplace plans, or community health center options this open enrollment season.

Full health analysis on HealthByCounty

Schools in Clay County

via SchoolsByCounty

The Educational Heart of Vermillion

Clay County supports five public schools and a total enrollment of 1,598 students. While primarily focused in a single district, the system includes three elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school.

Efficient Spending and Steady Results

The county maintains an 82.0% graduation rate, aligning almost exactly with the South Dakota state average. Despite a lean per-pupil expenditure of $5,809, school performance remains competitive with a composite score of 46.7.

Vermillion District's Dominant Presence

Vermillion School District 13-1 is the primary educational provider, serving 1,436 students or about 90% of the county's total enrollment. There are no charter schools in the county, emphasizing a strong traditional public school foundation.

Town-Centered School Culture

Unlike its neighbors, Clay County schools are mostly town-based, resulting in a larger average school size of 320 students. Vermillion High School is the largest campus with 430 students, followed closely by Jolley Elementary with 407 students.

Discover Homes in Clay County

Living near the Vermillion campus provides students with a town-based educational experience and easy access to local amenities. Explore housing options to find your place in this active educational community.

Full schools analysis on SchoolsByCounty

Disaster Risk in Clay County

via RiskByCounty

Clay County faces moderate tornado exposure

Clay County scores 20.45 on the composite risk scale, landing in the Very Low category but with notable tornado exposure. This score sits below the national average, though the county's tornado risk (60.18) is elevated for its overall profile.

Below-average risk but notable tornado zone

Clay County's 20.45 composite score falls below South Dakota's 26.84 state average, placing it among the safer counties statewide. However, its 60.18 tornado risk is among the state's higher readings, reflecting the county's location in a historically active corridor.

Tornado risk highest in local cluster

Clay County's tornado risk of 60.18 exceeds neighboring Charles Mix (55.31) and significantly surpasses western counties like Campbell (14.34) and Clark (22.77). The county sits at the eastern edge of South Dakota's tornado belt.

Tornadoes dominate Clay County risks

Tornado risk at 60.18 is Clay County's defining natural hazard concern, accounting for most of its composite risk score. Flood risk (28.66) and wildfire risk (41.70) are secondary but present in the county's risk profile.

Tornado safety and preparedness essential

Clay County residents should develop tornado response plans, maintain safe rooms or reinforced basements, and stay alert during severe weather season given the 60.18 tornado risk. Standard homeowners insurance covers most tornado damage, but flood insurance should be considered for properties near waterways.

Full disaster risk analysis on RiskByCounty

Weather & Climate in Clay County

via WeatherByCounty

Moderate and Moist Plains Climate

Clay County averages 47.6°F annually, placing it among the warmer regions of South Dakota. It also receives 27.4 inches of precipitation, which is higher than many other Great Plains counties.

Warmer and Wetter Than Average

Clay County exceeds the state average temperature of 45.6°F by two degrees. It is also significantly wetter than the 22.7-inch state average, receiving nearly five extra inches of rain and snow.

Lower Heat Than Southern Neighbors

Clay's 47.6°F average is slightly cooler than Charles Mix County at 48.8°F. Clay also experiences 10 fewer extreme heat days annually than Charles Mix, making for slightly milder summers.

Distinct Seasons with Humidity

Summers are warm with a July average of 73.7°F and 23 days over 90°F. Winter brings 30.5 inches of snow, though January averages stay relatively mild for the state at 18.6°F.

Managing Moisture and Winter Ice

With 27.4 inches of precipitation, basement waterproofing and gutter maintenance are essential for homeowners. Winter tires are recommended to navigate the 30.5 inches of annual snowfall.

Full weather & climate analysis on WeatherByCounty

Soil Quality in Clay County

via SoilByCounty

The alkaline profile of Clay County

Clay County’s soil pH averages 7.18, which is slightly more alkaline than the state average of 7.05. This profile requires monitoring for iron availability, as higher pH can occasionally lock out specific micronutrients.

A heavy, silty texture profile

Silt dominates the landscape at 47.0%, while clay accounts for 27.6% of the composition. This results in a soil that is heavier and more nutrient-dense than sandier neighboring regions.

Consistent available water capacity

The soil contains 3.16% organic matter and an available water capacity of 0.177 in/in. While slightly below the state average of 0.182, these numbers still represent a highly productive environment for Missouri Valley farming.

Steady water movement for farms

Specific drainage classes are not listed, but the soil score of 56.2 indicates respectable land quality. The high silt and clay content suggests that water moves through the profile at a moderate, steady pace.

Warmer growing in zone 5a

Zone 5a status offers a longer growing season than much of South Dakota. This soil is excellent for tomatoes and peppers, which appreciate the nutrient retention provided by the clay and silt.

Full soil quality analysis on SoilByCounty

Lawn Care in Clay County

via LawnByCounty

Maintaining the Southern Frontier

Clay County faces a difficulty score of 49.2, making lawn maintenance slightly more labor-intensive than the national average. As a Zone 5a region, the winters are marginally milder, but the summer humidity and heat present unique challenges.

High Rainfall Meets Summer Heat

Lawns here enjoy 27.4 inches of annual precipitation, the highest among this group and well above the state average of 22.8. However, 23 heat days and nearly 3,000 growing degree days mean that grass can grow rapidly and requires frequent mowing.

Clay-Rich Soil Foundations

With a 27.6% clay content and 7.18 pH, the soil in Clay County is dense and holds water longer than sandier western soils. Homeowners should watch for compaction in high-traffic areas and consider annual aeration to keep roots oxygenated.

Battling Current Severe Drought

The county is currently struggling with 37.2% of the area in severe drought, despite its higher-than-average rainfall history. Having spent 40 weeks in drought over the last year, local lawns require careful water conservation and smart irrigation timing.

Long Growing Cycles in Zone 5a

Spring planting can safely begin after May 3 when the frost risk typically passes. You have a reliable window for growth through October 3, making this an excellent county for high-maintenance, lush turfgrass varieties.

Full lawn care analysis on LawnByCounty

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Clay County's county score?
Clay County, South Dakota has a composite county score of 37.1 out of 100 on CountyScore. This score is calculated from a weighted average of available data dimensions including property tax, cost of living, income, safety, health, and schools.
How does Clay County rank among counties in South Dakota?
Clay County ranks #63 among all counties in South Dakota on CountyScore's composite ranking. Rankings are based on available data dimensions and updated as new data is added.
What are property taxes like in Clay County, South Dakota?
The median annual property tax in Clay County is $2,879, with an effective tax rate of 1.30%. This earns Clay County a tax score of 20.9/100 on CountyScore (higher = lower taxes).
What is the median household income in Clay County?
The median household income in Clay County, South Dakota is $58,794 per year according to U.S. Census Bureau data. Clay County earns an income score of 34.8/100 on CountyScore.
Is Clay County, South Dakota a good place to live?
Clay County scores 37.1/100 on CountyScore's overall county ranking, ranking #63 in South Dakota. The best way to evaluate Clay County is to compare individual dimension scores — property tax, cost of living, income, safety, health, and schools — based on your personal priorities. Use CountyScore to compare Clay County with other counties side by side.

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Data from U.S. Census Bureau ACS, FBI UCR, CDC, FEMA NRI, NCES, EPA SDWIS, NOAA — informational only.