countyscore
41.1
County Score
Health 77.3Lawn Care 69.7Soil Quality 61.7

County Report Card

About Jefferson County, New York

Trailing National Norms

Jefferson County posts a composite score of 41.1, sitting below the national median of 50.0. This rating reflects challenges in housing costs and local infrastructure.

Below State Average

With a 41.1 score, Jefferson trails the New York state average of 47.0. It faces steeper headwinds than many other counties in the northern part of the state.

Healthy Community Standards

The county's strongest pillar is health, with a high score of 77.3. Income also remains relatively stable with a score of 54.4 and a median household income of $64,978.

Cost and Water Issues

Affordability is a major challenge, with a cost score of 20.2 and a median rent of $1,214. The water quality score of 17.3 also indicates a need for significant infrastructure investment.

Best for Healthcare Access

Jefferson suits individuals who prioritize health services and steady incomes but are prepared for higher housing costs. It is a functional choice for those tied to the region's major employers or military installations.

204060801009.820.244.877.357.854.43617.355.5Tax9.8Cost20.2Safety44.8Health77.3Schools57.8Income54.4Risk36Water17.3Weather55.541.1/100
This county
National avg
1 above average5 below average

Jefferson County DNA

Foverall

How Jefferson County compares to the national average across 9 dimensions

Jefferson County falls below the national average in most categories. The biggest gap is in Property Tax (9.8/100), though Health (77.3/100) remains a relative bright spot.

Dimension Breakdown

Tax
9.8-42.2
Cost
20.2-27.8
Safety
44.8-10.200000000000003
Health
77.3+27.299999999999997
Schools
57.8
Income
54.4
Risk
36-11
Water
17.3-40.7
Weather
55.5
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Can You Afford to Live Here?

Median Home Price

$181,000

National median: $174,650

Median Rent

$1,214/mo

National median: $854/mo

Income Needed (home)

$181,000/yr

28% front-end rule

Income Needed (rent)

$48,560/yr

30% rent rule

Affordability Spectrum2.8x income
AffordableNational avgExpensive
Local median income: $64,978/yr
Compare Mortgage Rates

Economic & Education Snapshot

Primary Care

11.2

per 100K

Data from Federal Reserve (FRED), U.S. Department of Education College Scorecard, and CMS NPPES.

Explore this county

Property Taxtaxbycounty.comCost of Livingcostbycounty.comIncome & Jobsincomebycounty.comSafetycrimebycounty.comHealthhealthbycounty.comSchoolsschoolsbycounty.comDisaster Riskriskbycounty.comWater Qualitywaterbycounty.comWeather & Climateweatherbycounty.comSoil Qualitysoilbycounty.comLawn Carelawnbycounty.comFarmers Marketsmarketsbycounty.comView on Mapcountyscore.com/map
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Nearby counties

Lewis County
New York
59.5
Oswego County
New York
42.8
St. Lawrence County
New York
51.3
Oneida County
New York
39
Onondaga County
New York
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Cayuga County
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Madison County
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Wayne County
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49.6

Deep Dives

Jefferson County across the ByCounty Network

Detailed analysis from 11 data dimensions — each powered by a dedicated ByCounty site.

Property Tax in Jefferson County

via TaxByCounty

Jefferson's rate below national median

Jefferson County's effective tax rate of 1.575% sits well below the U.S. median of 2.13%, placing it in the lower third nationally. This advantage means Jefferson homeowners enjoy lighter property tax burdens than most Americans.

Among New York's lower-tax counties

At 1.575%, Jefferson County ranks notably below New York's state average of 2.046%, positioning it among the state's more affordable options. This favorable standing matters in a state known for elevated property taxes.

Lower-middle rate regionally

Jefferson's 1.575% rate beats Fulton County (2.13%), Genesee County (2.508%), and Herkimer County (2.272%), but trails Greene County (1.658%) and Franklin County (1.88%). Only Hamilton County's 0.98% significantly outperforms Jefferson regionally.

Median home taxes run $2,851 yearly

The typical Jefferson County home is valued at $181,000 and carries an estimated annual property tax of $2,851. With exemptions, homeowners may pay between $2,515 and $3,089 depending on their circumstances.

Assessment errors still occur here

Even in lower-tax counties, some properties are overassessed relative to fair market value. Requesting a formal assessment review and appealing if warranted can yield meaningful tax savings.

Full property tax analysis on TaxByCounty

Cost of Living in Jefferson County

via CostByCounty

Jefferson County's housing squeeze

Jefferson County residents spend 22.4% of income on rent—the highest ratio in this survey and significantly above both national and state averages. With median household income of $64,978 and median rent of $1,214 monthly, housing costs strain household budgets.

Above-average housing burden

Jefferson County's 22.4% rent-to-income ratio substantially exceeds New York's 17.6% state average, making it a housing-cost outlier among upstate counties. Median rent of $1,214 approaches state average despite below-average county income, intensifying affordability pressure.

Priciest rent in the region

Jefferson County's $1,214 median rent far exceeds all upstate neighbors—$400 more than Herkimer County and $200 more than Greene County. This rental premium creates the region's most challenging affordability landscape.

Housing claims large income share

Jefferson County renters earning the median $64,978 annually pay $1,214 monthly—over 22% of gross income, leaving only 78% for other essential expenses. Homebuyers face a median monthly owner cost of $1,076 and median home value of $181,000, presenting significant affordability challenges.

Jefferson demands housing caution

Relocating to Jefferson County requires careful budget planning, as the 22.4% rent-to-income ratio exceeds state average and strains household finances. The median rent of $1,214 makes other upstate counties significantly more affordable alternatives for budget-conscious movers.

Full cost of living analysis on CostByCounty

Income & Jobs in Jefferson County

via IncomeByCounty

Jefferson lags national income standard

Jefferson County's median household income of $64,978 ranks 13.1% below the national median of $74,755, reflecting regional economic challenges. The $9,777 annual earnings gap compounds over a lifetime, limiting wealth accumulation opportunities.

Lower third among New York counties

Jefferson County ranks 51st of 62 New York counties for median household income, falling $11,455 below the state average of $76,433. Per capita income of $34,603 trails the state average by 15.9%, indicating below-average earning power across the population.

Below most upstate peers

Jefferson's $64,978 median exceeds only Fulton County ($62,615) among the eight surveyed counties, significantly trailing Genesee ($72,055), Greene ($74,011), and Hamilton ($68,950). The county ranks among the most economically challenged in the region.

Housing affordability severely strained

Jefferson County's rent-to-income ratio of 22.4%—the highest in the eight-county group—signals housing stress despite affordable absolute costs. Median home values of $181,000 require nearly 2.8 years of median household income, straining household budgets already constrained by lower earnings.

Prioritize emergency savings first

Jefferson County households should focus on building 3-6 months of emergency savings before investing, given tight budgets and housing pressures. Free financial literacy programs and credit counseling services are essential tools for residents working to build financial stability.

Full income & jobs analysis on IncomeByCounty

Safety in Jefferson County

via CrimeByCounty

Jefferson County Outperforms the National Average

Jefferson County reports 1,228.7 crimes per 100K, which is nearly 50% lower than the national average of 2,385.5. This earns the county a safety score of 98.1 out of 100. Fourteen reporting agencies cooperate to maintain this level of public safety.

Meeting the New York State Standard

The county’s crime rate of 1,228.7 is slightly higher than the New York state average of 1,074.4. Its safety score of 98.1 is nearly identical to the state average of 98.3. This makes Jefferson a typical example of safety and security in the Empire State.

Safe, But More Active Than Neighbors

Jefferson County has a higher crime rate than nearby Franklin County, which sits at 606.8 per 100K. It is also more active than Hamilton County’s low of 117.9. Despite this, it remains a secure regional hub compared to national metropolitan standards.

A Focus on Property and Violent Crime

Property crime is the most frequent challenge here, recorded at 1,079.7 per 100K. Violent crime stands at 149.0 per 100K, which is above the state average of 125.0 but still far below national levels. Understanding these rates helps residents stay informed about local risks.

Proactive Security for Jefferson Residents

With over 1,000 property crimes per 100K, home security remains a worthwhile investment. Visible security cameras and strong entry-point locks can significantly reduce your risk of theft. Community vigilance is the best defense against property-related offenses.

Full safety analysis on CrimeByCounty

Schools in Jefferson County

via SchoolsByCounty

A Robust School System for 16,000 Students

Jefferson County features a large network of 39 public schools managed by 12 districts. This system supports 16,761 students, with a significant concentration of 21 elementary schools providing the foundational education for the region.

Growth Opportunities in Graduation and Funding

The county reports an 84.0% graduation rate and a school score of 61.7, which both sit slightly below state averages. Per-pupil expenditure is $12,261, placing it just under the national average of $13,000.

Watertown and Indian River Lead the Way

Watertown City School District and Indian River Central are the largest entities, together serving over 7,300 students. There are no charter schools in Jefferson County, as the 12 traditional districts manage all public enrollment.

City, Suburb, and Rural Diversity

Jefferson County offers a unique mix of 26 rural, eight city, and five suburban school settings. Watertown Senior High School is the largest campus with 1,083 students, creating a more traditional large-school experience for older students.

Diverse Living Options Near Jefferson Schools

From the urban atmosphere of Watertown to the rural expanses of Indian River, this county offers a school setting for every family. Consider the district's locale when searching for your next home to find the perfect fit for your student.

Full schools analysis on SchoolsByCounty

Disaster Risk in Jefferson County

via RiskByCounty

Jefferson County carries above-average U.S. risk

Jefferson County's composite risk score of 63.96 exceeds the typical American county, positioning residents well above median natural disaster exposure. The county's Lake Ontario shoreline and inland water systems create elevated flood and hurricane risks compared to inland communities.

Below state average but substantially vulnerable

At 63.96, Jefferson County scores about 8% below New York's 69.42 average, placing it in the state's safer-than-average but still notably exposed category. It ranks in the upper-middle tier of New York risk, with roughly one-third of the state's counties carrying lower risk.

Riskier than Franklin and Fulton, safer than Greene

Jefferson County (63.96) significantly exceeds both Franklin (48.85) and Fulton (48.63), falling between Genesee (56.11) and Greene (68.29). Its Lake Ontario exposure and proximity to storm tracks make it notably more vulnerable than purely inland Adirondack counties but less exposed than Hudson Valley communities.

Flooding and earthquakes lead the threats

Flood risk of 77.96 ranks highest, driven by Lake Ontario shoreline exposure and significant river systems crossing the county. Earthquake risk of 71.47 surprises many residents but reflects the county's location near regional seismic activity, while hurricane risk of 53.19 presents seasonal concerns.

Add flood and earthquake coverage now

Jefferson County residents must prioritize flood insurance given the 77.96 risk score, especially those within one mile of Lake Ontario or along major tributaries. Equally important: secure earthquake insurance, as the 71.47 risk score ranks among the state's highest and is often excluded from standard homeowner policies.

Full disaster risk analysis on RiskByCounty

Water Quality in Jefferson County

via WaterByCounty

Jefferson Reports High Volume of Violations

Jefferson County recorded 182 health violations over the last five years, resulting in a rate of 160.1 per 100,000 residents. This rate is nearly double the New York state average of 81.8.

Federal Clean Water Act Data Unavailable

Jefferson's water bodies are not yet assessed under the federal §303(d) standards. This makes it impossible to determine what share of local streams fail to meet federal health criteria at this time.

Monitoring Focuses on PFAS and Organics

Scientists track 16 sites in Jefferson County, having recorded 4,091 measurements in five years. Top priorities for data collection include organics and PFAS (Perfluorinated Alkyl Substances).

Black River Flowing Near Typical Levels

The Black River at Watertown is discharging 4670 cfs, which is 109% of its long-term mean. This gauge provides essential data for a drainage area covering 1,864 square miles.

Verify Protection Against Organic Contaminants

Due to a high volume of health violations, residents should confirm their water provider's progress on remediation. Pay special attention to organic and PFAS monitoring results as these are key areas of local concern.

Full water quality analysis on WaterByCounty

Weather & Climate in Jefferson County

via WeatherByCounty

Lake Ontario's Heavy Influence

Jefferson's 45.8°F average temperature is slightly below the national median, but its 116.4 inches of snow is exceptional. This lake-effect climate creates dramatic winter weather shifts.

Cooler and Much Snowier

The county is slightly cooler than the New York average of 47.4°F but is among the state leaders for snowfall. Its 116.4 inches of annual snow is nearly triple the state's typical accumulation.

Warmer than the Adirondacks

Jefferson is warmer than neighboring Franklin (41.3°F) and Hamilton (41.0°F) due to lake moderation. However, it faces more snow than Franklin, though less than the extreme totals in Herkimer.

A Classic Lake-Effect Cycle

July is warm at 70.0°F with only 3 days of extreme heat. January dips to 19.9°F, bringing the bulk of the county's 116.4 inches of annual snowfall.

Winterize Against the Wind

Focus on high-quality weatherstripping and insulation to combat the lake-effect winds. Maintain reliable snow removal services to manage the frequent and heavy 116-inch annual snowfall.

Full weather & climate analysis on WeatherByCounty

Soil Quality in Jefferson County

via SoilByCounty

Mildly Acidic Soils Near the Lake

Jefferson County soils have an average pH of 5.55, making them less acidic than the state average of 5.11. While still below the national median of 6.5, this pH is favorable for many agricultural crops. The chemistry reflects the county's position along Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River.

Perfect Balance of Sand and Silt

The composition is nearly even with 40.1% sand and 40.3% silt, supported by 16.0% clay. This balanced texture offers both excellent drainage from the sand and nutrient-holding capacity from the silt and clay. It is a highly desirable mix for both farming and gardening.

Healthy Soils with Standard Water Capacity

Organic matter levels are 12.35%, which is slightly lower than the state average but much higher than the national 2.0% average. The available water capacity is 0.174 in/in, very close to the state average of 0.182 in/in. These metrics indicate a reliable soil that is well-suited for diverse plant life.

Managing Hydrology in a Balanced Landscape

Dominant drainage classes are not specifically listed for this county data. Given the balanced sand and silt percentages, the soil likely offers moderate drainage that prevents both drying out and over-saturation. This makes it a stable foundation for building and landscaping projects.

Northern Gardening in Zone 5a

In hardiness zone 5a, Jefferson County gardeners can grow hardy staples like kale, carrots, and apples. The soil's balanced texture and decent pH make it easier to manage than more acidic neighboring counties. It is an excellent region for both small-scale gardening and commercial agriculture.

Full soil quality analysis on SoilByCounty

Lawn Care in Jefferson County

via LawnByCounty

Earning Top Marks for Lawn Ease

Jefferson County is one of the easiest places in New York to grow grass, with a difficulty score of 69.7. This significantly outperforms both the state average of 61.1 and the national average of 50.0. The local climate and soil conditions create a very favorable environment for Zone 5a turf.

Ideal Precipitation and Moderate Heat

The county receives 40.7 inches of rain per year, falling perfectly within the ideal 30-50 inch range for lawn health. With 2,377 growing degree days and only 3 extreme heat days, grass grows vigorously without the threat of heat-related death. This balance minimizes the need for high-tech irrigation or constant intervention.

Strong Foundation with Better pH

Jefferson County's soil pH is 5.55, which is much closer to the target range than many other New York counties. The soil contains 16.0% clay and 40.1% sand, offering a good mix of drainage and nutrient retention. This relatively high clay content helps your lawn stay green longer during the occasional dry spell.

Low Risk and High Resilience

Only 13.7% of the county is currently abnormally dry, and there were 16 weeks of drought over the last year. The local soil structure helps grass survive these infrequent dry periods better than in sandier neighboring counties. Maintaining a mowing height of 3 inches will further protect the soil from drying out.

Maximize the Growing Season

In Hardiness Zone 5a, Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue thrive with the local moisture levels. The growing season kicks off after the last frost on May 11 and remains active until October 13. Seeding in late August allows new grass to establish deep roots before the winter snow arrives.

Full lawn care analysis on LawnByCounty

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Jefferson County's county score?
Jefferson County, New York has a composite county score of 41.1 out of 100 on CountyScore. This score is calculated from a weighted average of available data dimensions including property tax, cost of living, income, safety, health, and schools.
How does Jefferson County rank among counties in New York?
Jefferson County ranks #50 among all counties in New York on CountyScore's composite ranking. Rankings are based on available data dimensions and updated as new data is added.
What are property taxes like in Jefferson County, New York?
The median annual property tax in Jefferson County is $2,851, with an effective tax rate of 1.58%. This earns Jefferson County a tax score of 9.8/100 on CountyScore (higher = lower taxes).
What is the median household income in Jefferson County?
The median household income in Jefferson County, New York is $64,978 per year according to U.S. Census Bureau data. Jefferson County earns an income score of 54.4/100 on CountyScore.
Is Jefferson County, New York a good place to live?
Jefferson County scores 41.1/100 on CountyScore's overall county ranking, ranking #50 in New York. The best way to evaluate Jefferson County is to compare individual dimension scores — property tax, cost of living, income, safety, health, and schools — based on your personal priorities. Use CountyScore to compare Jefferson County with other counties side by side.
By Logan Johnson, Founder & Data EditorUpdated Reviewed by Logan Johnson, Founder & Data Editor

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Data from U.S. Census Bureau ACS, FBI UCR, CDC, FEMA NRI, NCES, EPA SDWIS, NOAA — informational only.